3. Sample text: Raven abandons his son.
3.1. Text with interlinear analysis.
1. √mə́k̕ʷ √kʷəčíl̕ ʔi əw̕ √k̕ʷəw̕ə́y̕kʷ tsə s√páal̕.
√every √day ACCOM CONTEMP √fishing(ACT) DEM S√Raven
2. √ŋə́n̕ tsə ŋən+√ŋə́nəʔ-s tsəw̕níɬ s√páal̕.
√many DEM PL+√child-3POS he S√Raven
3. k̕ʷé+√k̕ʷiʔ.
ACT+√hungry
4. k̕ʷé+√k̕ʷiʔ ʔal̕ √ʔə́wə√nəʔ s√téŋ s√ʔíɬən-s
ACT+√hungry LIMIT √not√exist S√what S√eat-3POS
5. √nə́t̕θəʔ s√kʷéčəl ʔiʔ √ʔəx̣ʷí-t-əs ʔə tsə
√one S√day ACCOM √sweep-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ OBL DEM
s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə √mén-s
S√canoe DEM √father-3POS
6. √ʔəx̣ʷí-t-əs tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə √mén-s
√sweep-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM S√canoe DEM √father-3POS
7. ʔiʔ kʷɬ √θíl̕əč ʔə tsə s√q̕ál-əɬ
ACCOM REAL √find OBL DEM STAT√barbecue(RES)-DUR
8. s-əw̕ √tál̕-nəxʷ kʷs-əw̕ √ʔí(ʔ)ɬən̕-s
S-CONTEMP √discover-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø) SUB S-CONTEMP √eat(ACT)-3POS
tsə √mén-s ʔə kʷsíʔə s√héw̕ə
DEM √father-3POS OBL DEM S√away
9. s-əw̕ √tál̕-nəxʷ kʷs-əw̕ √ʔí(ʔ)ɬən̕-s
S-CONTEMP √discover-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø) SUB S-CONTEMP √eat(ACT)-3POS
tsə √mén-s ʔə kʷsíʔə s√k̕ʷəw̕ə́y̕kʷ
DEM √father-3POS OBL DEM S√fishing(ACT)
10. √ʔáaɬ ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə √mén-s s-əw̕
√go-aboard OBL DEM S√canoe DEM √father-3POS S-CONTEMP
√kʷéyl̕-s ʔə tsə √kʷəčíl̕
√hide-3POS OBL DEM √day
11. təwə √x̣ʷən̕éŋ̕ ʔiʔ kʷɬ √tə́s tsəw̕níɬ tsə s√wíw̕ləs
STILL √how ACCOM REAL √be-there he DEM S√young-man
ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə √mén-s
OBL DEM S√canoe DEM √father-3POS
12. s-əw̕ √ʔáaɬ-s
S-CONTEMP √go aboard-3POS
13. √tə́s tsə s√páal̕ ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ s-əw̕
√be there DEM S√Raven OBL DEM S√canoe S-CONTEMP
√ʔáaɬ-s
√go aboard-3POS
14. √ʔə́wə√nəʔ s√x̣č-í-t-s kʷ s kʷɬ
√not√exist S√figure out-PERSIS-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS SUB - REAL
ʔəl̕ʔál̕əɬ tsə s√wíw̕ləs ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə
√go aboard(ACT) DEM S√young man OBL DEM S√canoe DEM
s-kʷə+√kʷéyl̕
STAT-RES+√hide
15. √ʔə́wə√nəʔ s√x̣əč-t-í-ŋ-s ʔə tɬ
√not√exist S√figure out-CTRAN-PERSIS-PASS-3POS OBL DEM
s√páal̕ kʷ s kʷɬ ʔəl̕ál̕ʔəɬ-s tsə s√wíw̕ləs s-kʷé√kʷəl̕
S√Raven SUB - REAL √go aboard(ACT) DEM S√young man S-ACT+√hide
16. s-əw̕ √yeʔ-s √k̕ʷəw̕ə́y̕kʷ tsəw̕níɬ s√páal̕
S-CONTEMP √go-3POS √fishing(ACT) he S√Raven
17. ʔiʔ ʔəw̕ ʔiʔ ʔəl̕ʔál̕əɬ tsəw̕níɬ tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s
ACCOM CONTEMP ACCOM √go aboard(ACT) he DEM √child-3POS
ʔiʔ s-kʷé+√kʷəl̕
ACCOM STAT-ACT+√hide
18. s-əw̕ √yéʔ s√k̕ʷə́wyəkʷ s-əw̕ lə+√léʔ-n-əŋ
S-CONTEMP √go S√fishing S-CONTEMP RES+√hear-NTRAN-PASS
tsəw̕níɬ kʷ s-iʔ č√qéy̕əʔ-s tsə √mén-s tsə
he SUB S-ACCOM HAVE√catch(ACT)-3POS DEM √father-3POS DEM
s√čéenəxʷ
S√salmon
19. √ɬée-l tsəw̕níɬ ʔə tsə s√ʔíl=əqsən tsə s√páal̕
√go ashore-DIR he OBL DEM S√land?=nose DEM S√Raven
20. √k̕ʷət̕θí-t-əs tsə s√qə́čəʔ-s
√butcher-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM S√catch-3POS
21. s-əw̕ √t̕θé(ʔ)kʷ-ət-s
S-CONTEMP √clean(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS
22. s-əw̕ √q̕ʷə́l-ət-s
S-CONTEMP √barbecue-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS
23. ʔi əw̕ s-kʷé+√kʷəl̕ tsəw̕níɬ ʔə tɬ √ʔáləɬ
ACCOM CONTEMP STAT-ACT+√hide he OBL DEM √go aboard
ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ tsə s√wíw̕ləs
OBL DEM S√canoe DEM S√young man
24. s-əw̕ √x̣č-ə́t-s "kʷɬ √q̕ʷə́l̕
S-CONTEMP √figure out-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS REAL √barbecue(ACT)
čtə kʷsə s√q̕ʷə́l-əŋ kʷsə nə√mén"
PROB DEM S√barbecue-CMDL DEM 1POS√father
25. kʷɬ √háqʷ-n-əs ʔiʔ √ʔiʔ-l=ə́qəč
REAL √smell-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ ACCOM √good-CONNEC=smell
s√q̕ʷə́l-əŋ
S√barbecue-CMDL
26. s-əw̕ √xʷíʔt-əŋ̕-s tsəw̕níɬ √ʔáx̣ʷ ʔə tsə
S-CONTEMP √jump(ACT)-CMDL-3POS he √go over to OBL DEM
s√léʔə-s tsə √mén-s √q̕ʷə́l-əŋ
S√place-3POS DEM √father-3POS √barbecue-CMDL
27. s-əw̕ t̕θə́+√t̕θək̕ʷ-sət tsə √síʔsət
S-CONTEMP ACT+√startle-REFL DEM √parent
28. "čəné √níɬ yəxʷ kʷsə nə√ŋə́nəʔ"
goodness √it is CONJEC DEM 1POS√offspring
29. ʔiʔ √x̣ʷálkʷt-əŋ tsə √čə́q √qʷɬ=éy̕
ACCOM √drift-CMDL DEM √big √log=wood
30. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-nəxʷ-s tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s
S-CONTEMP √say-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS DEM √offspring-3POS
"√k̕ʷə́n-ət tsə √qʷəní.
√see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) DEM √seagull
31. √niʔ kʷsə √ŋá(ʔ)-ət-əs."
√exist DEM √eat(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ
32. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s tsə s√wíw̕ləs "√ʔə́wə√nəʔ s√téŋ
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS DEM S√young man √not√exist S√what
√ŋá(ʔ)-ət-əs tsə √qəní, √mén."
√eat(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM √seagull √father
33. ʔi əw̕ √ʔə́wə tsəw̕níɬ s√páal̕ √ʔéx̣-əŋ kʷə
ACCOM CONTEMP not he S√Raven √say-CMDL SUB
s-əw̕ √níʔ-s kʷsə √ŋá(ʔ)-ət-əs tsə
S-CONTEMP √exist-3POS DEM √eat(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM
√qʷəní.
√seagull
34. s-əw̕ √sé-t-əŋ-s tsə s√wíw̕ləs
S-CONTEMP √command-CTRAN-PASS-3POS DEM S√young man,
"√ʔáaɬ ʔə tsə s√nə́xʷəɬ. √yéʔ ɬtə √k̕ʷə́n-ət."
√go aboard OBL DEM S√canoe √go 1PLSUBJ √see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)
35. s-əw̕ √yéʔ-s √táal. √tə́s ʔə tséʔə.
S-CONTEMP √go-3POS √way out at sea √be here OBL DEM
36. s-əw̕ √tə́s ʔə tsə s√qəl-él=ŋəxʷ ʔiʔ
S-CONTEMP √be there OBL DEM S√tree-CONNEC=being ACCOM
√xʷálkʷt-əŋ.
√drift-CTRAN
37. s-əw̕ √sé-t-əŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs kʷə
S-CONTEMP √command-CTRAN-PASS-3POS he S√young man SUB
√q̕ʷíŋ̕-əs. "√ʔáaɬ ʔə tsə √qʷɬ=éy̕
√get off-EFFORT-3OBJ(ø) √go aboard OBL DEM √log=wood
ʔən̕-s-əw̕ √k̕ʷə́n-ət kʷə s√téŋ-əs kʷə s√ʔíɬən-s
2POS-S-CONTEMP √see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) SUB S√what-3SUBJ SUB S√eat-3POS
tsə √qʷəní."
DEM √seagull
38. "√q̕ʷíŋ kʷəče ʔiʔ √k̕ʷə́n-ət sxʷ kʷə
√get off EXPLAN ACCOM √see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) 1SUBJ SUB
s√téŋ-əs kʷə √ŋá(ʔ)-ət-əs kʷə s√kʷə́l-əŋ kʷsə
S√what-3POS SUB √eat(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ SUB S√fly-CMDL DEM
√qʷəní."
√seagull
39. "√ʔə́wə√nəʔ q̕ə s√téŋ."
√not√exist EMPH S√what
40. ʔi əw̕ √šíy̕-əl-əs tsə s√páal̕ kʷə
ACCOM CONTEMP √insist-DIR-EFFORT-3OBJ(ø) DEM S√Raven SUB
s√sé(ʔ)-ət-s tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s kʷə
S√command(ACT)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS DEM √offspring-3POS SUB
√q̕ʷíŋ̕-əs.
√get off(ACT)-EFFORT-3OBJ(ø)
41. s-əw̕ √q̕ʷíŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ.
S-CONTEMP √get off-3POS he
42. √ʔáaɬ ʔə tsə s√qəl-él=ŋəxʷ
√go aboard OBL DEM S√tree-CONNEC=being
43. s-əw̕ txʷə√ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ-s tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s
S-CONTEMP MUT√go aboard(ACT)-3POS DEM √offspring-3POS
s-əw̕ √sx̣-ə́t-s.
S-CONTEMP √push-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS
44. s-əw̕ xʷ√yél̕q-əŋ-s √yéʔ ʔə tsə
S-CONTEMP LOC√return-CMDL-3POS √go OBL DEM
s√q̕ʷə́l-əŋ-s
S√barbecue-CMDL-3POS
45. s-əw̕ √ʔíɬən-s.
S-CONTEMP √eat-3POS
46. √ʔáw̕k̕ʷ-t-əs s-əw̕ √mək̕ʷ s√téŋ
√finish off-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ S-CONTEMP √all S√what
s√q̕ʷál̕-əɬ-t-əs.
STAT√barbecue(RES)-DUR-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ
47. √kʷéčəl̕ ʔi əw̕ √kʷéčəl̕ ʔi əw̕ √kʷéčəl̕ kʷə
√day ACCOM CONTEMP √day ACCOM CONTEMP √day SUB
s-iʔ √ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ-s ʔə tsə s√qəl-él=ŋəxʷ.
S-ACCOM √go aboard(ACT)-3POS OBL DEM S√tree-CONNEC=being
48. ʔəw̕ √háy ʔal̕ √híθ kʷə s-iʔ
CONTEMP √done LIMIT √long time SUB S-ACCOM
√ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ-s ʔə tsə s√qəl-él=ŋəxʷ.
√go aboard(ACT)-3POS OBL DEM S√tree-CONNEC=being
49. √sé-t-əs tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s kʷə
√command-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM √offspring-3POS SUB
√ʔáaɬ-əs ʔə tsə √qʷɬ=éy̕.
√go aboard-3SUBJ OBL DEM √log=wood
50. s-əw̕ √sx̣-ə́t-s s-əw̕
S-CONTEMP √push-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS S-CONTEMP
√ɬə́-l-əs.
√go ashore-DIR-3POS
51. s-iʔ s-əw̕ √yéʔ-s √ɬée-l tsəw̕níɬ.
S-ACCOM S-CONTEMP √go-3POS √go ashore(RES)-DIR he
52. s-əw̕ √ʔíɬən-s ʔə tsə s√q̕ʷə́l-əŋ-s.
S-CONTEMP √eat-3POS OBL DEM S√barbecue-CMDL-3POS
53. s-ew̕ √háy-s kʷə s√ʔí(ʔ)ɬən̕-s s-əw̕
S-CONTEMP √finish-3POS SUB S√eat(ACT)-3POS S-CONTEMP
√yéʔ-s √t̕ák̕ʷ.
√go-3POS √go home
54. txʷ√háy tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s √xʷə́l̕kʷt-əŋ √ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ
MUT√alone DEM √offspring-3POS √drift-CMDL √go aboard(ACT)
ʔə tsə √qʷɬ=éy̕.
OBL DEM √log=wood
55. √kʷéčəl ʔiʔ √nét, √kʷéčəl ʔiʔ √net.
√day ACCOM √night √day ACCOM √night
56. ʔi əw̕ √ʔə́wə kʷə √sk̕ʷ-íl √ƛ̕éʔ.
ACCOM CONTEMP not SUB √approach-DIR √again
57. √x̣ʷá(ʔə)ŋ̕ tsə s√wíw̕ləs s-əw̕ t̕ə+√t̕íl̕əm̕-s.
√cry(ACT) DEM S√young man S-CONTEMP ACT+√sing-3POS
58. "√ʔéɬəʔ sən √x̣ʷə́l̕-t-əŋ̕ ʔə tɬ s√qə́nəxʷ
√here 1SUBJ √abandon(ACT)-CTRAN-PASS OBL DEM S√greedy
s√páal̕."
S√Raven
59. təwə √x̣ʷəníŋ tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs.
STILL √that way he S√young man
60. təwə √x̣ʷəníŋ č̕əʔ ʔiʔ kʷɬ √sík̕ʷ-əl̕.
STILL √that way EVID ACCOM REAL √approach(ACT)-DIR
61. s-əw̕ √k̕ʷə́n-nəxʷ tsə √ʔə́y̕ s√wíw̕ləs.
S-CONTEMP √see-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø) DEM √good S√young man
62. √pə́q̕ tsə √ɬqít-s.
√white DEM √clothes-3POS
63. s-əw̕ √čté-t-əŋ tsə s√wíw̕ləs ʔə tsə √pə́q̕
S-CONTEMP √ask-CTRAN-PASS DEM S√young man OBL DEM √white
√ɬqít-s, "s√táŋət sxʷ ʔačə."
√clothes-3POS STAT√what’s the matter 2SUBJ REQINF
64. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s "√ʔéɬə sən s√x̣ʷə́l̕-t-əŋ̕
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS √here 1SUBJ STAT√abandon(ACT)-CTRAN
ləʔ ʔə tɬ s√qə́nəxʷ s√páal̕."
PAST OBL DEM S√greedy S√Raven
65. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s tsə s√wíw̕ləs, "√nə́kʷə ʔačə
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS DEM S√young man √you REQINF
√sén?"
√who
66. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ ʔiʔ √ʔə́y̕=mət tsə
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS he ACCOM √good=appearance DEM
√ɬqít-s √pə́q̕, "√ʔə́sə √x̣éʔ-əl̕s."
√clothes-3POS √white √I √sacred-STRUC(ACT)
67. s-əw̕ √x̣ən-ə́t-əŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ √ŋə́nəʔ ʔə tɬ
S-CONTEMP √say-CTRAN-PASS-3POS he √offspring OBL DEM
s√páal̕, "√θíɬ-əŋ sxʷ."
S√Raven √stand-CMDL 2SUBJ
68. s-əw̕ √θí(ʔ)ɬ-əŋ̕-s tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs.
S-CONTEMP √stand(ACT)-CMDL-3POS he S√young man
69. s-əw̕ √qʷén-əs-əŋ-s ʔə tsə √x̣éʔ-əl̕s.
S-CONTEMP √summon-EFFORT-PASS-3POS OBL DEM √sacred-STRUC(ACT)
70. s-əw̕ √kʷən-í-t-əŋ-s ʔəw̕
S-CONTEMP √grasp-PERSIS-CTRAN-PASS-3POS CONTEM
√ʔəpí-t-əŋ-s ʔə tsə √x̣éʔ-əl̕s.
√stroke-CTRAN-PASS-3POS OBL DEM √sacred-STRUC(ACT)
71. √k̕ʷə́n-ət-əs tsə √ɬqít-s ʔiʔ √ƛ̕éʔ
√see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM √clothes-3POS ACCOM √also
əw̕ txʷə-ʔi+√ʔə́y̕=mət.
CONTEMP MUT-RES+√good=appearance
72. s-əw̕ √x̣ən-ə́t-əŋ-s ʔə tɬ √x̣éʔ-əl̕s
S-CONTEMP √say-CTRAN-PASS-3POS OBL DEM √sacred-STRUC(ACT)
kʷə √məl̕ə́q-t-əs tsə s√léʔ-t-əŋ-s.
SUB √forget-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM S√repair-CTRAN-PASS-3POS
73. "ʔəw̕ √məl̕ə́q-t sxʷ ʔal̕
CONTEMP √forget-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) 2SUBJ LIMIT
ʔən̕-s√léʔ-t-əŋ."
2POS-S√repair-CTRAN-PASS
74. s-əw̕ √sé-t-əŋ-s kʷə √yéʔ-əs
S-CONTEMP √command-CTRAN-PASS-3POS SUB √go-3SUBJ
√ƛ̕léʔ-əŋ ʔə kʷsə s√táləs √ʔáx̣ʷ ʔə tɬ
√look for-CMDL OBL DEM S√spouse √go to OBL DEM
smák̕ʷəč.
place near Blaine, WA
75. "ʔiʔ s√x̣ʷən̕í(ʔ)əŋ̕ sən səʔ kʷəče kʷə nə-s√yéʔ?"
ACCOM S√how(ACT) 1SUBJ FUT EXPLAN SUB 1POS-S√go
76. "√níɬ səʔ kʷəʔ tsə n̕-šxʷ√ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ ʔi
√it is FUT INFORM DEM 2POS-REAS√go aboard(ACT) ACCOM
ʔən̕-šxʷ√ʔəl̕ál̕əɬ kʷə n̕-s√yéʔ."
2POS-REAS√go aboard(ACT) SUB 2POS-S√go
77. s-əw̕ √yéʔ tsəw̕níɬ √ʔáaɬ ʔə tsə √qʷɬ=éy̕.
S-CONTEMP √go he √go aboard OBL DEM √log=wood
78. s-əw̕ √yéʔ-s √ʔáx̣ʷ ʔə tɬ smák̕ʷəč.
S-CONTEMP √go-3POS √go to OBL DEM -
79. s-əw̕ √ɬée-l-s s-əw̕ √štə́ŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ
S-CONTEMP √go ashore-DIR-3POS S-CONTEMP √walk-3POS he
s√wíw̕ləs.
S√young man
80. ʔiʔ √šə́təŋ̕ ʔiʔ kʷɬ √ʔəléʔ-n-əs tsə
ACCOM √walk(ACT) ACCOM REAL √hear-NTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM
√ŋə́n̕ š(əl)+√škʷá(ʔə)m̕.
√many PL+√swim(ACT)
81. √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ.
√girl(PL)
82. √níɬ s-əw̕ √čəl̕=ə́qsən s-iʔ √k̕ʷə́n-nəxʷ-s
√it is S-CONTEMP √turn=point S-ACCOM √see-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3POS
tsə √ŋə́n̕ šə+√škʷə́m̕.
DEM √many ACT+√swim
83. √níɬ s-əw̕ √čté-ŋ-s, "√ʔəx̣ín kʷəʔ kʷsə
√it is S-CONTEMP √ask-CMDL-3POS √where INFORM DEM
smák̕ʷəč?
-
84. √níʔ č̕ə kʷsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s. nə√sé-t-əŋ
√exist EVID DEM √offspring-3POS 1POS√command-CTRAN-PASS
kʷə √yéʔ-ən √čté-n ʔə kʷsə nə-s-č√táləs."
SUB √go-1SUBJ √ask-1SUBJ OBL DEM 1POS-S-HAVE√spouse
85. ʔiʔ √čéʔsəʔ tsə √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ.
ACCOM √two people DEM √girl(PL)
86. √níɬ yəxʷ ŋən+√ŋə́nəʔ ʔə tɬ smák̕ʷəč.
√it is CONJEC PL+√offspring OBL DEM -
87. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n̕-əŋ-s s-əw̕ nə+√ní(ʔ)ɬ-iyəʔ, "√ɬníŋəɬ
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS S-CONTEMP they are √we
√ŋə́nəʔ ʔə tɬ smák̕ʷəč."
√offspring OBL DEM -
88. s-əw̕ √yéʔ-t-əŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ ʔə tsə √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ
S-CONTEMP √go-CAUS-PASS-3POS he OBL DEM √girl(PL)
√ʔáx̣ʷ-t-əŋ ʔə tsə √mén-s.
√go over to-CAUS-PASS OBL DEM √father-3POS
89. s-əw̕ √čté-ŋ-s kʷə √nə́t̕θəʔ-əs ʔə tsə √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ
S-CONTEMP √ask-CMDL-3POS SUB √one-3SUBJ OBL DEM √girl(PL)
kʷə s√táləs səʔ.
SUB S√spouse FUT
90. ʔəw̕ √mə́k̕ʷ tsə √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ ʔəw̕ č√ƛ̕íʔ kʷsə
CONTEMP √all DEM √girl(PL) CONTEMP HAVE√want DEM
č√táləs ʔə tsə √ʔə́y̕ s√wíw̕ləs.
HAVE√spouse OBL DEM √good S√young man
91. šxʷ-kʷí+√w̕ən̕-təl̕ ʔə tsə √q̕é(lə)ŋiʔ.
REAS-ACT+√fight-CRECIP OBL DEM √girl(PL)
92. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s, "ʔəw̕ √mə́k̕ʷ səʔ sxʷ
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS CONTEMP √all FUT 2SUBJ
nə-s√táləs."
1POS-S√spouse
93. s-əw̕ xʷ√tél=qən tsə smák̕ʷəč, "√mə́k̕ʷ sxʷ
S-CONTEMP LOC√agree=pharynx DEM - √all 2SUBJ
ʔəw̕ √kʷə́n-ət tsə nə-ŋən+√ŋə́nəʔ."
CONTEMP √take,grasp-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) DEM 1POS-PL+√offspring
94. s-əw̕ √ƛ̕éʔ-ə=šən tsə smák̕ʷəč ʔə tsə ʔəw̕
S-CONTEMP √invite-CONNEC=foot DEM - OBL DEM CONTEMP
√mə́k̕ʷ s√čé(lə)ʔčəʔ-s.
√all S√friend(PL)
95. s-əw̕ qʷə́+√qʷəl̕ kʷə s-č√táləs tsə
S-CONTEMP ACT+√speak SUB S-HAVE√spouse DEM
ŋən+√ŋə́nəʔ-s.
PL+√offspring-3POS
96. s-əw̕ txʷə-č√táləs.
S-CONTEMP MUT-HAVE√spouse
97. √mə́k̕ʷ √tə́s ʔi əw̕ √kʷən-s-í-ŋ
√all √arrive ACCOM CONTEMP √take,grasp-EFFORT-PERSIS-PASS
ʔə tsə s√ŋétxʷ-s.
OBL DEM S√distribute-3POS
98. √ʔáaɬ-t-əŋ tsə s√ɬíl-s ʔə tsə s-nə+√níxʷəɬ.
√go aboard-CAUS-PASS DEM S√bring-3POS OBL DEM S-PL+√canoe
99. √ʔém̕əq-t-əŋ √t̕ək̕ʷ-í-st-əŋ.
√deliver-CTRAN-PASS √go home-REL-CAUS-PASS
100. √náʔt̕θəʔ ʔə θə √q̕éŋiʔ kʷə s√t̕áyəm̕-s tsə
√one person OBL DEM √girl SUB S√put on-3POS DEM
š√ɬíx̣=əs,
S,LOC√paint=face
101. √háʔ √k̕ʷán-ət-əs tsə əw̕
√if,when √see(RES)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM CONTEMP
txʷ√néč̕-əs ʔal̕.
MUT√different-3SUBJ LIMIT
102. √náʔt̕θəʔ tsə √q̕éŋiʔ ʔə kʷə s√t̕áyəm̕-s tsə
√one person DEM √girl OBL SUB S√put on-3POS DEM
š√ɬíx̣=əs
S,LOC√paint=face
103. ʔiʔ √háʔ √k̕ʷán-ət-əs kʷə s-əw̕
ACCOM √if,when √see(RES)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ SUB S-CONTEMP
s√téŋ s-əw̕ txʷ√néč̕-əs.
S√what S-CONTEMP MUT√different-3SUBJ
104. ʔiʔ √háʔ s√ƛ̕íʔ-s kʷə s-əw̕ s√téŋ s-əw̕
ACCOM √if,when S√want-3POS SUB S-CONTEMP S√what S-CONTEMP
txʷ-əs√ŋénət-s. ʔiʔ √ʔə́q-t-əs.
MUT-STAT√rock-3POS ACCOM √change-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ
105. √háy θə √náʔt̕θəʔ, √háʔ
√alone,remaining one DEM √one person √if,when
√t̕áyəm̕-t-əs tsə s√kʷéʔ-s š√ɬíx̣=əs ʔiʔ √níɬ
√put on-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM S√possess-3POS S,LOC√paint=face ACCOM √it is
s-əw̕ xʷ√yél̕q-əŋ-s √ʔənʔé kʷə s-əw̕ s√téŋ ʔal̕.
S-CONTEMP LOC√return-CMDL-3POS √come SUB S-CONTEMP S√what LIMIT
106. s-iʔ s-əw̕ √tə́s kʷɬ √yéʔ s-əw̕ √tə́s
S-ACCOM S-CONTEMP √arrive REAL √go S-CONTEMP √arrive
kʷɬ ʔiʔ ɬə+√ɬé(ʔ)-əl ʔiʔ kʷɬ √tə́l̕-sət tsə
REAL ACCOM RES+√go ashore-DIR ACCOM REAL √dance(ACT)-REFL DEM
s√páal̕.
S√Raven
107. √tə́l̕-sət tsə √mén-s tsə s√wíw̕ləs.
√dance(ACT)-REFL DEM √father-3POS DEM S√young man
√tə́l-sət tsə √mén ʔə tɬ s√wíw̕ləs.
√dance(ACT)-REFL DEM √father OBL DEM S√young man
108. "√yéʔ ləʔ sən √k̕ʷčé-sə
√go PAST 1SUBJ √make spiritually strong-(CTRAN)-2OBJ
nə-šxʷ√ʔáaɬ-t-àŋə ʔə kʷsə √qʷɬ=éy̕."
1POS-REAS√go aboard-CAUS-2OBJ OBL DEM √log=wood
109. s-əw̕ √t̕áyəm̕-s tsə √q̕éŋiʔ tsə s√kʷéʔ-s
S-CONTEMP √put on-3POS DEM √girl DEM S√possess-3POS
š√ɬíx̣=əs s-əw̕ iʔ √ʔéq-t-əŋ tsəw̕níɬ
S,LOC√paint=face S-CONTEMP ACCOM √change-CTRAN-PASS he
s√páal̕ txʷ-əs√ŋénət-t-əŋ.
S√Raven MUT-STAT√rock-CAUS-PASS
110. √níɬ kʷəče tsə š√čə́n=sən-əŋ-s ʔə kʷsə
√it is EXPLAN DEM S,LOC√step=foot-CMDL-3POS OBL DEM
√q̕ʷíŋ-s. √niɬ kʷəče s-əw̕ √yéʔ-s.
√get off-3POS √it is EXPLAN S-CONTEMP √go-3POS
111. √t̕áyəm̕-t-əs tsə √náʔt̕θəʔ tsə
√put on-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM √oneperson DEM
s√kʷéʔ-s š√ɬíx̣=əs √ƛ̕éʔ s-əw̕ iʔ
S√possess-3POS S,LOC√paint=face √again S-CONTEMP ACCOM
√ʔéq-t.
√change-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)
112. s-əw̕ √ƛ̕éʔ txʷə-s√páal̕.
S-CONTEMP √again MUT-S√Raven
113. s-əw̕ √čté-ŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs, "√ʔəx̣ín kʷəʔ
S-CONTEMP √ask-CMDL-3POS he S√young man √where INFORM
kʷsə nə√tén?"
DEM 1POS√mother
114. √qʷə́+qʷəl̕ tsə s√páal̕, "ʔəw̕ √ʔám̕ət kʷəʔ."
ACT+√speak DEM S√Raven CONTEMP √sit-up INFORM
115. s-əw̕ √x̣ə́n-əŋ-s tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs, "√yéʔ
S-CONTEMP √say-CMDL-3POS he S√young man √go
√ʔəx̣ʷ-t-áŋəs ʔə kʷsə nə√tén."
√go over to-CAUS-1OBJ OBL DEM 1POS√mother
116. s-əw̕ √yéʔ.
S-CONTEMP √go
117. s-əw̕ √tə́s-s tsə √tén-s.
S-CONTEMP √arrive-3POS DEM √mother-3POS
118. kʷɬ txʷə-√ʔə́wə√nəʔ š√k̕ʷə́n̕-əɬ-s.
REAL MUT√not√exist STAT,LOC√see(ACT)-DUR-3POS
119. √níɬ kʷə s√yáθ ʔəw̕
√it is SUB S√long time CONTEMP
√x̣ʷá(ʔ)aŋ̕-t-əs tsə √ŋə́nəʔ-s.
√cry(ACT)-(REL)-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø)-3SUBJ DEM √offspring-3POS
120. s-əw̕ txʷ√ƛ̕él̕əč̕.
S-CONTEMP MUT√blind
121. s-əw̕ √kʷéy̕əx̣-sət tsəw̕níɬ s√wíw̕ləs s-əw̕
S-CONTEMP √shake,stir-REFL he S√young man S-CONTEMP
√ʔíp-ət tsə √tén-s.
√stroke-CTRAN-3OBJ(ø) DEM √mother-3POS
122. s√ƛ̕éʔ-s ʔəw̕ txʷ√k̕ʷə́n̕-əɬ.
S√again-3POS CONTEMP √see(ACT)-DUR
123. tsə √ɬqít-s ʔiʔ √ƛ̕éʔ ʔəw̕ txʷə√ʔə́y̕.
DEM √clothes-3POS ACCOM √also CONTEMP MUT√good
124. ʔiʔ √ʔéq-t-əŋ tsə √mén-s s-ew̕
ACCOM √change-CTRAN-3POS DEM √father-3POS S-CONTEMP
txʷə-s√páal̕-s s-əw̕ √k̕ʷə́l-əŋ-s.
MUT-S√Raven S-CONTEMP √fly-CMDL-3POS
125. ʔiʔ √ʔéq-t-əŋ. s-əw̕ txʷə-s√páal̕-s ʔə tsə
ACCOM √change-CTRAN-PASS S-CONTEMP MUT-S√Raven OBL DEM
s√čutéeɬ-s.
S√daughter-in-law-3POS
126. s-iʔ s-əw̕ √kʷə́l-əŋ tsə s√páal̕.
S-ACCOM S-CONTEMP √fly-CMDL DEM S√Raven
127. txʷə-s√páal̕.
MUT-S√Raven
128. √níɬ ʔəw̕ šxʷ√háy-s.
√it is CONTEMP REAS√finish-3POS
3.2. Translation of ‘Raven Abandons his Son.’
1. Every morning he’d go out fishing, the Raven.
2. Raven had lots of children.
3. They were hungry.
4. They were hungry but they didn’t have any food.
5. One day his son was sweeping his father’s canoe.
6. He was sweeping his father’s canoe
7. and he found cooked fish.
8. He found out his father eats while he’s away.
9. He found out his father ate while he was fishing.
10. He got on the canoe and hid early in the morning.
11. Soon the young man gets there and gets on his father’s canoe.
12. So he got on.
13. Raven came and got into the canoe.
14. He didn’t know his son was hiding on the canoe.
15. Raven didn’t know his son already got on the canoe and hid.
16. So Raven went fishing
17. and his son was on the canoe hiding.
18. So he went fishing and he could hear his father catching fish.
19. Raven went ashore at the point.
20. He was cutting his catch.
21. So he washed it.
22. So he barbecued it.
23. And the young man was still hiding in the canoe.
24. So he figured, "My father’s barbecue must be ready."
25. He smelled the good aroma of the barbecue.
26. He jumped up where his father was barbecuing.
27. The parent was startled.
28. "Goodness! It’s my child!"
29. There was a big log floating in the water.
30. So he said to his son, "Look at the seagull.
31. He’s eating something."
32. So the young man said, "He’s not eating anything, father."
33. Raven kept on insisting that there was something that the seagull was eating.
34. So he told the young man, "Get on the canoe. We’ll go see."
35. So they went way out in the water. They got there.
36. So they got to the drifting log.
37. So he told his son to get off. "Board the log and see what the seagull was eating.
38. Get off and see what that seagull who flew away was eating."
39. "There !bu!is!eu! nothing."
40. Raven kept on insisting, telling his son to get off.
41. So he got off.
42. He got on the log.
43. So when his son got on the log he pushed it away.
44. So he went back to his barbecue.
45. So he ate it.
46. He finished everything he had cooked.
47. Day after day after day he was on the log.
48. For a long time he was on the log.
49. He told his son to get on the log.
50. So he pushed it away and left.
51. So he went ashore.
52. So he ate his barbecue.
53. Then he finished eating and he went home.
54. Only his son floating on the log.
55. Day and night, day and night.
56. He never came back again.
57. The young man cried and he sang.
58. "I’ve been abandoned by greedy Raven."
59. He was still there, the young man.
60. He was still there when he heard something coming.
61. Then he saw a nice young man
62. with a white robe.
63. The young man was asked by the white-robe, "What happened to you?"
64. So he said, "I got abandoned by greedy Raven."
65. So the young man asked, "Who are you?"
66. Then he replied, the nice, white-robed guy, "It is I, Transformer!"
67. He said to Raven’s son, "Stand up!"
68. So he stood up.
69. Transformer called him to come to him.
70. He was taken and brushed all over by Transformer.
71. He looked at what he was wearing and it became nice, too.
72. So Transformer told him to forget about what was done to him.
73. "Forget your being fixed up."
74. He told him to go look for a wife over at Smák̕ʷəč.
75. "How am I going to get there?"
76. "What you’re on now is what you’ll be on to get there."
77. So he went on the log.
78. So he went over to Smák̕ʷəč.
79. So the young man went ashore and walked.
80. He was walking and he heard a lot of them swimming.
81. They were girls.
82. So he went around the point and he did see a bunch of swimmers.
83. So he asked, "Where is Smák̕ʷəč?
84. He’s got a daughter. I was told to go and ask for her as my wife."
85. There were two girls.
86. They must have been daughters of Smák̕ʷəč.
87. So they said, "We are the daughters of Smák̕ʷəč."
88. So the girls took him over to their father.
89. He asked for one of the girls to be his wife.
90. Both of the girls wanted to be the wife of the nice young man.
91. The girls were fighting over him.
92. So he said, "You’ll both be my wives."
93. Smák̕ʷəč agreed. "Take both of my daughters."
94. Smák̕ʷəč invited everbody, all his friends.
95. He told them that his daughters had gotten married.
96. So they got married.
97. Everyone that got there carried a gift to give them.
98. They put the gifts into the canoes.
99. They brought them home.
100. One of the girls, when she puts paint on her face,
101. when she looks at something she can change it into whatever she wants.
102. One of the girls puts paint on her face,
103. and if she looks at something it becomes different; it changes.
104. And if she wants to, anything becomes a rock. She changes it.
105. The other one, when she puts on !bu!her!eu! paint it will come back to whatever it was.
106. They arrived and when they arrived, they were coming ashore, Raven was dancing.
107. The young man’s father was dancing. The young man’s father was dancing.
108. "I was going to make you strong. That’s why I sent you off on that log."
109. So the girl put on her paint and changed him, Raven, into a rock.
110. That’s what they used for a stepping stone when they got off.
111. The other one put on her paint and changed it back.
112. So he became Raven again.
113. Then the young man asked him, "Where is my mother?"
114. Raven told him, "She’s at home."
115. So the young man said, "Take me to my mother."
116. So they went.
117. So they arrived at his mother’s.
118. She couldn’t see anymore.
119. It was because she was always crying for her son.
120. So she became blind.
121. So he moved, the young man, and brushed his mother.
122. She could see again.
123. Her clothes were nice, too.
124. He changed, his father, into a raven and flew away.
125. He was changed into a raven by his daughter-in-law.
126. So Raven flew away.
127. So he became a raven.
128. That’s the end.